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安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯TED演讲：成功的最强导向因子

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安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯（Angela Lee Duckworth）是一位著名的心理学家和研究员，以她在毅力和坚韧领域的工作而闻名。她在理解成功的因素，特别是在教育和个人成就方面，做出了重要贡献。以下是对安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯的详细介绍：
Angela Lee Duckworth （安吉拉 李 杜克沃斯）TED演讲

身份背景： 安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯于1970年10月23日出生在美国新泽西州的Cherry Hill。她在哈佛大学获得了神经生物学的学士学位，后来作为马歇尔学者在牛津大学获得了神经科学的硕士学位。杜克沃斯还拥有宾夕法尼亚大学心理学博士学位（Ph.D.）。

重要贡献：

  1. 坚韧理论： 安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯因其在坚韧领域的开创性研究而闻名。坚韧被定义为对长期目标的激情和毅力。杜克沃斯的研究表明，坚韧是成功的关键预测因素，甚至在教育、商业和个人成就等各个领域，远比天赋或智力更重要。
  2. TED演讲： 安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯于2013年发表了一次广受欢迎的TED演讲，题为The strongest predictor for success “成功的关键：坚韧”。这次演讲已经被观看了1268万次。在演讲中，她讨论了坚韧在实现个人目标中的重要性，并分享了她的研究成果。
  3. 作者： 杜克沃斯还是一位作家，她于2016年出版了书籍《坚韧：激情和毅力的力量》。在这本书中，她进一步探讨了坚韧的概念，并提供了关于如何在生活中培养和发展坚韧的见解。
  4. 教育影响： 安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯的工作对教育产生了重大影响。她与学校和教育者合作，实施基于坚韧的干预和品格教育计划，帮助学生发展坚韧和其他品格优势。
  5. 麦克阿瑟奖学金： 2013年，安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯获得了著名的麦克阿瑟奖学金，通常被称为“天才奖”，以表彰她在坚韧研究方面的开创性工作，以及对个人和社会成功的影响。
  6. 品格实验室创始人： 杜克沃斯是品格实验室（Character Lab）的创始人兼首席执行官，这是一家致力于推动品格发展科学和实践的非营利组织。品格实验室与教育者和研究人员合作，制定基于证据的策略，帮助个体培养坚韧、自控力和好奇心等品格优势。

安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯的研究和倡导使她成为了心理学、教育和个人发展领域的重要人物。她的工作激发了教育者、父母和个人关注坚韧和毅力在实现长期目标和生活成功中的重要性。

Angela Lee Duckworth is a prominent psychologist and researcher known for her work in the field of grit and perseverance. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of what factors contribute to success, particularly in education and personal achievement. Here is a detailed introduction to Angela Lee Duckworth:

Full Name: Angela Lee Duckworth

Background: Angela Lee Duckworth was born on October 23, 1970, in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Neurobiology [ njʊərəʊbaɪ’ɒlədʒɪ（神经生物学）] from Harvard College. Later, she completed a Master of Science in Neuroscience from the University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar. Duckworth also holds a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania.

Angela Lee Duckworth’s research and advocacy have made her a prominent figure in the fields of psychology, education, and personal development. Her work has inspired educators, parents, and individuals to focus on the importance of grit and perseverance in achieving long-term goals and success in life.

A “Marshall Scholar” is a prestigious [pre’stɪdʒəs（享受声望和备受尊崇的）] scholarship program that allows American students to study at graduate level in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1953 as a British gesture of gratitude to the United States for the assistance received after World War II through the Marshall Plan. Marshall Scholarships are awarded to outstanding young Americans who show strong academic potential, leadership qualities, and a commitment to making a positive impact in their fields of study and in society.

Marshall Scholar：马歇尔奖学金计划

定义： “马歇尔奖学金（Marshall Scholar）”是一个备受尊敬的奖学金计划，允许美国学生在英国攻读研究生课程。该奖学金计划于1953年设立，作为英国对美国在二战后通过马歇尔计划提供援助的感激之情的一种表达。马歇尔奖学金授予给那些展现出强大的学术潜力、领导才能的杰出美国年轻人，并致力于在他们的研究领域和社会上产生积极影响。

Notable Contributions:

  1. Grit Theory: Angela Lee Duckworth is best known for her pioneering research on grit. Grit is defined as the passion and perseverance for long-term goals. Duckworth’s research suggests that grit is a key predictor of success, even more so than talent or intelligence in various domains such as education, business, and personal achievement.
  2. TED Talk: Angela Lee Duckworth delivered a widely acclaimed TED Talk titled “The strongest predictor for success” in 2013, which has been viewed millions of times. In this talk, she discussed the importance of grit in achieving one’s goals and shared her research findings.
  3. Author: Duckworth is also an author, and she wrote the book “Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance,” published in 2016. In the book, she further explores the concept of grit and provides insights into how individuals can develop and cultivate grit in their lives.
  4. Educational Impact: Angela Lee Duckworth’s work has had a significant impact on education. She has collaborated with schools and educators to implement grit-based interventions and character education programs to help students develop grit and other character strengths.
  5. MacArthur Fellowship: In 2013, Angela Lee Duckworth was awarded a prestigious MacArthur Fellowship, often referred to as a “genius grant,” in recognition of her groundbreaking research on grit and its implications for personal and societal success.
  6. Founder of Character Lab: Duckworth is the founder and CEO of Character Lab, a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the science and practice of character development. Character Lab works with educators and researchers to develop evidence-based strategies to help individuals develop character strengths such as grit, self-control, and curiosity.

以下是安吉拉·李·杜克沃斯TED演讲《成功的最强导向因子》中英对照文本：

When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching. I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments.

当我27岁的时候，我离开了一份非常苛刻的管理咨询工作，选择了一份更加苛刻的工作：教育。我去纽约市的公立学校教七年级的数学。和任何一位老师一样，我出卷子和考试，布置家庭作业。

When the work came back, I calculated grades. What struck me was that（分裂强调） IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric [ˌstrætə’sferɪk（极高的）] IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren’t doing so well. And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they’re hard: ratios, decimals [‘desɪml （小数、十进算术）] , the area of a parallelogram [ˌpærə’leləɡræm（平等四边形）]. But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced （形容词宾语从句） that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.
当作业回来的时候，我计算成绩。让我感到印象深刻的是，智商并不是我最好和最差学生之间唯一的差异。一些成绩最好的学生并没有极高的智商分数，一些最聪明的孩子表现得并不好。这让我开始思考。七年级数学需要学习的内容固然困难：比例、小数、平行四边形的面积等等。但这些概念并不是不可能理解的，我坚信只要他们足够努力和长时间地学习，我的每一个学生都能掌握这些知识。
After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion （动词词组作谓语） that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. （主语从句作宾语，里面带了两层结构的并列句）In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ. But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily? So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which cadets（[kə’det（军官学员）]） would stay in military training and which would drop out.
经过几年的教学，我得出结论，我们在教育领域需要更好地从动机和心理角度理解学生和学习。在教育领域，我们最擅长衡量的是智商。但如果在学校和生活中表现出色取决于远远不止你快速和轻松学习的能力呢？因此，我离开了教室，去研究生院学心理学。我开始研究各种极具挑战性背景下的孩子和成年人，在每项研究中，我的问题都是，谁在这里成功，为什么？我和我的研究团队去了西点军校。我们试图预测哪些军校学员会坚持军事训练，哪些会退出。
We went to the National Spelling Bee（比赛或集体活动的聚会） and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition. We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?

我们去了全国拼字大赛，试图预测哪些孩子会在比赛中取得更进一步的成绩。我们研究了在非常困难的社区工作的新手教师，问哪些教师在学年结束时还会继续教学，而其中谁将最有效地提高学生的学习成果？

The “National Spelling Bee” is a prestigious annual spelling competition in the United States where students from across the country compete to spell words correctly. It is organized by the Scripps National Spelling Bee and has become a widely recognized academic event in the United States, attracting participants from various age groups.
“National Spelling Bee” 是美国每年举行的一项享誉声望的拼字比赛，来自全国各地的学生参加，竞争拼写单词的正确性。这个比赛由斯克里普斯国家拼写大赛组织，已经成为美国广泛认可的学术赛事，吸引了不同年龄组的参与者。

E.G.1：People had seen her drunk at sewing bees…the department of motor vehicles…and the first methodist church. （DHS02E01 00:54 ）
参考翻译：人们曾看到她在缝纫聚会上喝醉……在机动车辆管理部门……和第一卫理公教堂。
E.G.2：He tries all the time. He never wins anything. He’s horrible at sports. He’s lousy at card games.Let us not forget his humiliation at that spelling bee.  （DH S06E18 04:23）
参考翻译：他一直都在尝试，但从未赢得过什么。他在运动方面很差劲，打牌也很差劲。我们不能忘记他在拼字比赛中的尴尬。

E.G.3：She thought of the moment her daughter began to walk…and the day her son won the spelling bee…and that time her twins scared her with a frog. （DH S06E23 00:46）
参考翻译：她想起了女儿开始学走路的那一刻……儿子赢得拼字比赛的那一天……以及双胞胎吓她的那次遇到青蛙的经历。
We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who’s going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn’t social intelligence. It wasn’t good looks, physical health, and it wasn’t IQ. It was grit. Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality.
我们与私营公司合作，问这些销售人员中哪些人会保住他们的工作？谁会挣最多的钱？在所有这些非常不同的情境中，一个特征凸显出来，成为成功的重要预测因素。这不是社交智慧，不是外貌，不是身体健康，也不是智商。那就是毅力。毅力是对非常长期目标的热情和坚韧。毅力是有耐力的能力。毅力是坚持自己的未来，不仅仅是一周，不仅仅是一个月，而是数年，努力使那个未来成为现实。
Grit is living life like it’s a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school. So it’s not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters. It’s also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
毅力是把生活过成一场马拉松，而不是短跑。几年前，我开始在芝加哥的公立学校研究毅力。我要求数千名高中三年级学生填写毅力问卷，然后等待了一年多，看看谁会毕业。结果发现，更有毅力的孩子更有可能毕业，即使我在各种特征上都进行了匹配，比如家庭收入、标准化成绩测试分数，甚至孩子在学校时的安全感。所以不仅在西点军校或全国拼字大赛中毅力很重要，尤其对于有可能辍学的孩子来说，在学校中也很重要。
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, “How do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?” The honest answer is, I don’t know.
对我来说，关于毅力最令人震惊的事情是我们对如何培养它知之甚少，科学对此知之甚少。每天，父母和老师都问我：“我怎样培养孩子的毅力？我应该怎么教孩子坚实的职业道德？我怎样保持他们的长期动力？”诚实的答案是，我不知道。
What I do know is that talent doesn’t make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea I’ve heard about building grit in kids is something called “Growth Mindset.” This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.
我知道的是，天赋不会使你充满毅力。我们的数据非常清楚地显示，有很多有才华的人根本不会坚守自己的承诺。事实上，在我们的数据中，毅力通常与天赋的度量无关，甚至是负相关的。到目前为止，我听到的关于培养孩子毅力最好的主意是一种叫做“成长心态”的东西。这是由斯坦福大学的卡罗尔·德韦克（Carol Dweck）开发的概念，它认为学习的能力不是固定的，可以随着努力而改变。
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they’re much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don’t believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that’s where I’m going to end my remarks, because that’s where we are. That’s the work that stands before us.
德韦克博士已经证明，当孩子们了解大脑如何在面对挑战时变化和成长时，他们在失败时更有可能坚持下去，因为他们不认为失败是一种永久的状态。所以成长心态是培养毅力的好主意。但我们需要更多。这就是我要结束演讲的地方，因为这就是我们现在所在的地方。这是我们面临的工作。
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them. We need to measure whether we’ve been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned. In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Thank you.
我们需要采纳我们最好的想法，最强烈的直觉，我们需要对它们进行测试。我们需要衡量我们是否成功，我们必须愿意失败，愿意出错，愿意根据经验教训重新开始。换句话说，我们需要在让我们的孩子变得更有毅力的过程中充满毅力。谢谢。

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